Visualization of the tentorial innervation of human dura mater

Posterior projections of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic nerve) are distributed in the tentorium cerebelli as recurrent meningeal branches. We investigated the morphological tentorial distribution of the ophthalmic nerve. Fifty-two sides of the tentorium cerebelli and adjacent dura mater obtained from 29 human specimens were stained using Sihler's method to examine the nerve fibres in the dural sheets. The innervation patterns of the tentorium cerebelli were classified into the following four types according to their distributions: Type 1, where nerve fibres projected to both the straight and transverse sinuses; Type 2, where nerve fibres projected only to the transverse sinus and lateral convexity; Type 3, where nerve fibres projected medially only to the straight sinus and the posterior part of the falx cerebri; and Type 4, where the nerve fibres terminated within the tentorium cerebelli. Images of the tentorium cerebelli were superimposed to identify areas of dense innervation. The incidence rates of Types 1-4 were 71.2% (n = 37), 21.2% (n = 11), 3.8% (n = 2) and 3.8% (n = 2), respectively. More branches of nerve fibres traversed towards the transverse sinus posterolaterally than towards the straight sinus medially. The space between the anterior half of the straight sinus and the medial tentorial notch can be considered a safe surgical area where innervation is scarce. The posterior part of the falx cerebri was innervated by the ophthalmic nerve that traversed to the straight sinus. The parietal branches of the middle meningeal artery in the lateral convexity that were projected orthogonally by the ophthalmic nerve traversed the transverse sinus, implicating their vulnerability and possible sensitivity under physiological or neurosurgical conditions. This study has revealed the macroscopic tentorial innervation of the dura mater in humans, which could be useful information for both neurosurgeons and neurologists.