Reassortant DS-1-like G1P[4] Rotavirus A strains generated from co-circulating strains in Vietnam, 2012/2013

One major mechanism by which Rotavirus A (RVA) evolves is genetic reassortment between strains with different genotype constellations. However, the parental strains of the reassortants generated have seldom been identified. Here, the whole genome of two suspected reassortants, RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP127/2013/G1P[4] and RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP193/2013/G1P[4], with short RNA electropherotypes were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and their ancestral phylogenies reconstructed. Their genotype constellation, G1-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2, indicated that they were G1 VP7 mono-reassortants possessing DS-1-like genetic backbones. The two strains were ≧99.7% identical across the genome. While their VP7 genes were ≧99.7 identical to that of a Wa-like strain RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP110/2012/G1P[8] which co-circulated during the 2012/2013 season, 10 genes were ≧99.8% identical to that of the DS-1-like strains RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP015/2012/G2P[4] (and SP108) that co-circulated during the season. The identities were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships observed between the genes of the reassortants and those of the afore-mentioned strains. Consequently, the G1P[4] strains appear to have been generated by genetic reassortment between SP110-like and SP015-like strains. In conclusion, this study provides robust molecular evidence for the first time that G1P[4] strains detected in Hanoi Vietnam were generated by inter-genogroup reassortment between co-circulating G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains within the same place and season.