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Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade in cats: a cadaver study.

Marina C Evangelista1,2, Beatriz P Monteiro2,3, Graeme M Doodnaught1

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Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
|July 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study describes the paravertebral brachial plexus (PBP) blockade in cats, finding that both low and high volumes of bupivacaine-methylene blue solution provide similar nerve staining and success rates with minimal complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia Techniques
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Paravertebral brachial plexus (PBP) blockade is a regional anesthesia technique used in veterinary medicine.
  • Understanding the spread and efficacy of injectates is crucial for optimizing PBP blockade in cats.
  • Bupivacaine-methylene blue solution (BMS) is a commonly used agent for visualizing injectate spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the paravertebral brachial plexus (PBP) blockade technique in feline cadavers.
  • To compare the spread of bupivacaine-methylene blue solution (BMS) using two different injection volumes (0.15 ml/kg and 0.2 ml/kg) into the PBP.
  • To evaluate the success rate and extent of nerve staining, as well as potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Six feline cadavers were used, with hemilateral PBP injections performed using either a low (0.15 ml/kg) or high (0.2 ml/kg) volume of BMS.
  • Two injection sites were utilized: one targeting C6/C7 nerve roots and a second targeting C8/T1 nerve roots.
  • Post-injection dissection allowed for evaluation of nerve staining (presence and length) and recording of complications such as blood aspiration or pleural/spinal cord staining.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in success rates (nerve staining) or median nerve staining length were observed between the low and high volume groups for any of the targeted nerves (C6, C7, C8, T1).
  • Success rates for C7 and C8 were higher in the high volume group (100%) compared to the low volume group (66%), though not statistically significant (P>0.05).
  • Minimal complications were noted, including one instance of blood aspiration, with no inadvertent pleural or spinal cord staining.

Conclusions:

  • The paravertebral brachial plexus (PBP) blockade in cats can be effectively performed with acceptable nerve staining and a low complication rate.
  • The volume of bupivacaine-methylene blue solution (0.15 ml/kg vs. 0.2 ml/kg) did not significantly impact the success rate or the extent of nerve staining.
  • This study provides valuable anatomical and technical insights for feline PBP blockade, suggesting that both tested volumes are viable options.