Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.8K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.8K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.4K
Growth versus Fixed Mindset01:24

Growth versus Fixed Mindset

349
Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
349
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.9K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.5K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.5K
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

576
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
576

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinct PlzC mechanisms integrate chemotaxis and c-di-GMP signaling to regulate <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> motility and biofilm formation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

A clarifying perspective on bacterial pseudo-receiver domains.

Journal of bacteriology·2025
Same author

A Clarifying Perspective on Bacterial Pseudo-Receiver Domains.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Phosphorylation chemistry of the Bordetella PlrSR TCS and its contribution to bacterial persistence in the lower respiratory tract.

Molecular microbiology·2022
Same author

General strategies for using amino acid sequence data to guide biochemical investigation of protein function.

Biochemical Society transactions·2022
Same author

Analysis of CheW-like domains provides insights into organization of prokaryotic chemotaxis systems.

Proteins·2022
Same journal

The bacterial SOS response promotes the expression of the transposase encoded by IS<i>CR</i> mobile genetic elements.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Development of a gene-editing strategy to overcome genetic intractability in <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Bactofilins are essential spatial organizers of peptidoglycan insertion in the Lyme disease spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

DNA damage-associated vesicle production in <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> is mediated by the maltocin endolysin.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> aggregation reveals a requirement for both AlpA and AlpB.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Cross-regulation of amino acid synthesis and anaerobic electron transfer by MetR-mediated methionine signaling.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

2.8K

Learning from Adversity?

Robert B Bourret1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA bourret@med.unc.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology
|July 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteria exposed to phosphate starvation exhibit a "learning" effect, responding faster to future starvation. However, global transcription decline ensures a consistent response regardless of prior exposure history.

Keywords:
PhoBPhoRhomeostasishysteresispositive autoregulationtwo-component systems

More Related Videos

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

24.9K
Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning
06:20

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

2.8K
Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

24.9K
Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning
06:20

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Two-component regulatory systems, like Escherichia coli PhoRB, are often positively autoregulated, amplifying responses to stimuli.
  • Previous research indicated that E. coli exhibits 'learning' from phosphate starvation, leading to faster subsequent responses.
  • The PhoRB regulon's response dynamics under varying phosphate availability and prior exposure history require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of hysteresis in the Escherichia coli PhoRB regulon.
  • To understand how past environmental conditions influence the bacterial response to phosphate starvation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the homeostasis of the pho response.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression data related to the PhoRB regulon.
  • Investigating the interplay between positive autoregulation and global transcriptional changes.
  • Modeling the bacterial response dynamics under different phosphate starvation scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Phosphate starvation induces a global decline in transcription in E. coli.
  • This global decline counteracts the positive autoregulation of the PhoRB system.
  • The net pho response demonstrates homeostasis, remaining similar irrespective of prior starvation exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The PhoRB regulon exhibits hysteresis, with past starvation exposure influencing response kinetics.
  • Global transcriptional downregulation acts as a crucial homeostatic mechanism, ensuring a consistent pho response.
  • This study reveals a complex regulatory network where 'learning' is balanced by a robust homeostatic control.