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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium
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Gating Ciliary Transport.

Irma Sánchez1, Brian D Dynlacht1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, Smilow Research Building, Room 1104, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Developmental Cell
|July 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cilia require protein transport for function. A new study implicates CEP19 in triggering intraflagellar transport, a key process for ciliary function and linked to obesity when mutated.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cilia are essential cellular appendages that lack protein synthesis machinery.
  • Cilia rely on the dynamic transport of proteins to maintain their structure and function.
  • Defects in ciliary function are linked to various human diseases, including obesity syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing protein transport within cilia.
  • To identify key regulators involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT).
  • To explore the role of CEP19 in ciliary transport and its connection to autosomal-recessive obesity syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the function of CEP19 in ciliary transport.
  • Utilized genetic and biochemical approaches to study protein interactions.
  • Analyzed the impact of CEP19 mutations on ciliary structure and function.

Main Results:

  • CEP19 was identified as a crucial component involved in triggering intraflagellar transport.
  • CEP19 plays a significant role in the dynamic movement of proteins along cilia.
  • Mutations in CEP19 are associated with autosomal-recessive obesity syndrome, highlighting its clinical relevance.

Conclusions:

  • CEP19 is a key regulator of intraflagellar transport, essential for ciliary function.
  • Understanding CEP19's role provides insights into the pathogenesis of obesity syndromes linked to ciliary dysfunction.
  • This study advances our knowledge of ciliary transport mechanisms and their implications for human health.