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Related Concept Videos

Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

724
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
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Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
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Related Experiment Video

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Multifocal Electroretinograms
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Postfocal Downstep in German.

Frank Kügler1, Caroline Féry2

  • 1University of Potsdam, Germany.

Language and Speech
|July 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

German sentence intonation shows postfocal constituents are phrased independently, with pitch accents often reduced but present. Information structure influences register, not phrasing, in this prosodic model.

Keywords:
German intonationdownsteppitch registerpostfocal compressionpostfocal givenness

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Area of Science:

  • Phonetics
  • Linguistics
  • Prosody

Background:

  • Follow-up study to Féry and Kügler (2008) on German pitch accent scaling.
  • Investigates the influence of information structure on sentence intonation, specifically in the postfocal region.
  • Addresses unresolved aspects of postfocal intonation from previous research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the F0 (fundamental frequency) height of potential pitch accents in the postfocal region of German sentences.
  • To analyze the relationship between information structure and intonation in postfocal constituents.
  • To test models of postfocal intonation and prosodic phrasing.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an experiment measuring the F0 of potential pitch accents in postfocal positions of German sentences.
  • Analyzed the presence and scaling (downstep/upstep) of pitch accents in multi-constituent postfocal regions.
  • Examined the realization of pitch accents (dynamic vs. static) and register compression.

Main Results:

  • Postfocal constituents are frequently in a downstep relation (rarely upstepped) or realized dynamically without stepping (37% of cases).
  • Evidence suggests postfocal constituents are phrased independently, contradicting models eliminating postfocal phrasing.
  • Pitch accents are often present, though reduced, and prosodic phrasing of postfocal constituents exists, characterized by register compression.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a model where prosodic phrasing is syntactically determined and unaffected by information structure.
  • Information structure's role is limited to modulating register relationships (compression postfocally, less prefocally).
  • A revised model of German intonation must account for the asymmetry in register compression between pre- and postfocal positions.