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Update on pathophysiology and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Justin C Brockbank1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Box 980315, Richmond, VA 23298-0315, USA.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|July 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) involves airway obstruction and can cause neurocognitive and cardiovascular issues. Treatment options range from surgery like adenotonsillectomy to non-surgical methods such as CPAP.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition.
  • Characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, OSAS leads to significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular complications.
  • Pathophysiology involves mechanical airway obstruction, often due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy, but also neuromotor abnormalities and central ventilatory control instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of childhood OSAS.
  • To discuss available surgical and non-surgical treatment options for pediatric OSAS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on childhood OSAS.
  • Synthesis of information on causes and treatments.

Main Results:

  • Childhood OSAS has a complex etiology involving anatomical and central factors.
  • Multiple treatment modalities exist, addressing different aspects of the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of childhood OSAS requires understanding its multifaceted nature.
  • A range of therapeutic interventions, including surgical and non-surgical approaches, are available for pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Obstructive sleep apneaSleep

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