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NLR network mediates immunity to diverse plant pathogens.

Chih-Hang Wu1, Ahmed Abd-El-Haliem2, Tolga O Bozkurt1,3

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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PubMed
Summary

Plants utilize nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins for immunity. This study reveals a complex NLR network where helper NLRs (NRC family) show functional redundancy and distinct specificities, enhancing plant immune robustness.

Keywords:
evolutionhost–microbe interactionsimmunity

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Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity
  • Molecular plant-pathogen interactions
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Plants and animals use NLR proteins for pathogen defense and immune signaling.
  • NLRs function as sensor/helper pairs, but plant sensor/helper NLR knowledge is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex NLR immune network in plants.
  • To understand the functional redundancy and specificity of helper NLRs in the NRC family.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of NLR proteins.
  • Investigated NLR protein interactions and immune signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Discovered functionally redundant helper NLRs (NRC family) with distinct sensor NLR specificities.
  • NRC4, NRC2, and NRC3 are crucial for various sensor NLRs conferring immunity against diverse pathogens.
  • NRC family and dependent NLRs form a well-supported superclade, likely originating over 100 million years ago.

Conclusions:

  • A complex genetic network of NLRs links evolutionary history to immune signaling mechanisms.
  • This NLR network enhances immune signaling robustness against evolving plant pathogens.