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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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[Definition of R1 resection in thyroid carcinoma].

S Synoracki1, Ch Wittekind2, H Dralle3

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|July 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The residual tumor (R) classification assesses thyroid cancer after surgery. This study defines R1 resection and minimally invasive extrathyroidal growth, aiding prognosis and further treatment planning.

Keywords:
HistologyMinimally invasive extrathyroidal growthPrognostic relevanceResidual tumorTNM classification

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • The residual tumor (R) classification evaluates post-therapy tumor status, primarily after thyroid cancer surgery.
  • Accurate R classification guides subsequent treatment and prognostic assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define R1 resection and minimally invasive extrathyroidal growth in thyroid carcinomas.
  • To establish these definitions as prerequisites for R1 resected thyroid carcinoma classification.

Main Methods:

  • Presentation of pathological work-up procedures.
  • Histopathological assessment of thyroid carcinoma specimens.

Main Results:

  • The study proposes definitions for R1 resection and minimally invasive extrathyroidal invasion.
  • A strategy to extend the 8th edition of the TNM classification for these parameters is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed definitions and TNM classification extension enable scientific assessment of R1 and extrathyroidal invasion.
  • These advancements facilitate a clearer understanding of thyroid carcinoma biology and patient outcomes.