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Pacemaker Implants in Children and Adolescents with Chagas Disease in Brazil: 18-Year Incidence
Carolina Christianini Mizzaci1, Thiago Gonçalves Schroder E Souza1, Gabriel Pelegrineti Targueta1
1Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP - Brazil.
Insights
Pacemaker implantations in children with Chagas disease (a parasitic illness) have significantly decreased in Brazil. This reduction in cardiac device procedures for pediatric Chagas disease may indicate a decline in vertical parasite transmission.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Chagas disease poses a significant public health challenge in Brazil, contributing to 25-30% of cardiac pacemaker indications.
- Pediatric cases of Chagas disease requiring cardiac stimulation are a critical concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of pediatric patients (<18 years) who received pacemakers for Chagas disease in Brazil from 1994 to 2011.
- To evaluate the temporal trends of these pacemaker implantations.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Pacemaker Registry database was conducted.
- Data included year of implantation, patient demographics (age, sex, ethnicity), functional class, and electrocardiographic findings.
- A time series analysis was performed to assess trends.
Main Results:
- Out of 183,123 total pacemaker implants, 214 were in pediatric Chagas disease patients (mean age 5.6 years).
- Atrioventricular blocks (2nd/3rd degree) accounted for 71% of indications.
- While overall pacemaker implants increased, pediatric Chagas disease cases showed a significant annual reduction.
Conclusions:
- A notable decrease in pacemaker implantations among children and adolescents with Chagas disease was observed.
- This trend suggests a potential reduction in the vertical transmission of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite.
Background::
Chagas disease continues to be a serious public health problem, and accounts for 25-30% of the indications for cardiac stimulation in Brazil.
Objective::
To assess clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Chagas disease, younger than 18 years, who had undergone pacemaker implantation in Brazil between 1994 and 2011, and its temporal trend.
Methods::
This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Pacemaker Registry database. The following variables were analyzed: year when pacemaker was implanted, location, age, sex, ethnic group, functional class and the main electrocardiographic findings at baseline.
Results::
In a total of 183,123 implants performed between 1994 and 2011, 214 implants of cardiac stimulation device in Chagas disease patients aged younger than 18 years were identified. Mean age at implantation was 5.6 ± 6.2 years. Second- and third-degree atrioventricular blocks corresponded to 71% of indications for pacemaker implantation. Fifty-six percent of the procedures were performed in the southeast region. Regarding the total number of pacemaker implants per year, there was a remarkable increase in the implants for all causes. However, time series analysis of the implants in Chagas disease patients younger than 18 years revealed a significant reduction in the annual number of implants.
Conclusion::
There has been an important reduction in the number of pacemaker implantations among children and adolescents with Chagas disease, suggesting a reduction in the vertical transmission of the parasite.
Fundamento::
A doença de Chagas mantém-se como sério problema de saúde pública e tem sido responsável por aproximadamente 25% a 30% das indicações de estimulação cardíaca no Brasil.
Objetivo::
Estudar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes menores de 18 anos portadores de doença de Chagas submetidos a implante de marca-passo no território brasileiro entre 1994 e 2011, e sua tendência temporal.
MéTodos::
Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que utilizou informações coletadas pelo Registro Brasileiro de Marca-passo. As variáveis analisadas foram: ano do implante, localidade, idade, sexo, grupo étnico dos pacientes; classificação funcional e os principais achados eletrocardiográficos de base.
Resultados::
Em um total de 183 123 implantes realizados entre 1994 e 2011, foram identificados 214 implantes de dispositivos de estimulação cardíaca em portadores de doença de Chagas com idade inferior a 18 anos. A média de idade no momento do implante foi de 5,6 ± 6,2 anos. Bloqueios atrioventriculares de 2º e 3º graus foram responsáveis por 71% das indicações. Dos procedimentos, 55,6% foram realizados na região sudeste. Em relação ao total de implantes de marca-passo por ano, observamos um aumento importante e significante de implante por todas as causas. Entretanto, quando avaliamos a série temporal de implantes em pacientes com doença de Chagas menores que 18 anos, observamos uma redução expressiva e significativa no número anual de implantes.
ConclusãO::
Observa-se uma redução importante do número de implantes de marca-passo em crianças e adolescente chagásicos, o que sugere uma redução da transmissão vertical do parasita.
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