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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy
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Developing Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for label-free antigen detection.

Aaran T Lewis1, Riana Gaifulina1, Naomi J Guppy2

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.

Journal of Biophotonics
|July 13, 2017
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Summary

Raman spectroscopy (RS) can identify tissue composition and disease markers without labels. This study validates RS against immunohistochemistry (IHC), showing excellent correlation for detecting tissue changes.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopyclassificationdiagnosisimmunohistochemistrytissue

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Raman spectroscopy (RS) is established for differentiating tissue types and detecting pathological changes.
  • RS can identify disease-specific alterations before morphological changes are visible.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the current gold standard for disease diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic information obtained from Raman spectroscopy (RS) with immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  • To validate the use of RS for label-free tissue analysis.
  • To assess the correlation between RS spectral signatures and established IHC markers.

Main Methods:

  • Generated Raman spectral maps from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colonic tissue sections.
  • Utilized principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze spectral signatures.
  • Compared PCA-derived spectral signatures with IHC markers (anti-Desmin, anti-Ki67, anti-MUC2).

Main Results:

  • PCA loadings identified spectral signatures corresponding to muscle, DNA, and mucin glycoproteins.
  • The distribution of these components showed excellent correlation with IHC marker localizations.
  • RS successfully detected compositional tissue changes in a label-free manner.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy provides valuable compositional information comparable to IHC.
  • RS offers a label-free alternative for tissue analysis, potentially reducing the need for antibodies.
  • The findings support RS as a powerful tool for disease detection and tissue characterization.