Vitamin D deficiency impairs neurobehavioral development in male mice

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent especially in pregnant women and children. Several studies found that vitamin D status was negatively correlated with risk of senile neurobehavioral abnormality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioral development in mice. In vitamin D deficiency group, dams and their male pups were fed with vitamin D deficient (VDD) diet, in which vitamin D was depleted. Anxiety-related behavior, depressive-like behavior, spatial learning and memory were measured. As expected, serum 25(OH)D level was reduced in VDD diet-fed mice. An anhedonia state, a key depressive-like behavior, was observed in VDD diet-fed mice. In open-field test, peripheral time was decreased and internal time was increased in VDD diet-fed mice. In elevated plus maze, the latency of the first entry into open arms was increased and the number of crossing in open arms was elevated in VDD diet-fed mice. Morris Water Maze showed that VDD-fed mice showed longer escape latency in the first six days. On the seventh day, escape latency was increased in VDD diet-fed mice. These results provide evidence that vitamin D deficiency impairs neurobehavioral development.