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Tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulators for subwavelength confinement.

Sheng Qu1, Congcong Ma1, Hongxia Liu2

  • 1Xidian University, Key Laboratory for Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xi'an, 710071, China.

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|July 14, 2017
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Summary

We developed a tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulator (GHPM) for near-infrared applications. This novel device offers high modulation depth at low power, overcoming limitations of current bulky electro-optical modulators.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Near-infrared electro-optical modulators are crucial for communication and sensing.
  • Existing modulators are bulky, have low integration, and high power consumption.
  • Graphene offers tunable optical properties for active devices, while plasmonic waveguides enable subwavelength light manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulator (GHPM).
  • To enhance modulation depth by combining GHPM with a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure.
  • To explore the potential of electro-doped graphene for nanophotonic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Combining graphene with plasmonic waveguides to create a GHPM.
  • Simulating and analyzing GHPM performance, including modulation depth at varying gating voltages.
  • Integrating GHPM with MIM structures to create a symmetrical device.

Main Results:

  • The proposed GHPM achieved a modulation depth of approximately 0.3 dB·μm⁻¹ at low gating voltages.
  • A symmetrical GHPM utilizing an MIM structure demonstrated a modulation depth of 0.6 dB·μm⁻¹.
  • The modulators leverage light-matter interaction tuned by electro-doped graphene.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GHPMs show significant potential for miniaturized, low-power, high-performance optical modulation.
  • These devices are promising for various nanophotonic applications requiring efficient light manipulation.
  • The tunable nature of graphene is key to achieving high modulation efficiency in compact devices.