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Cell Polarity in Cerebral Cortex Development-Cellular Architecture Shaped by Biochemical Networks
Andi H Hansen1, Christian Duellberg1, Christine Mieck1
1Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburg, Austria.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|July 14, 2017
Summary
Cell polarity is crucial for precise neuron development in the human cerebral cortex. Disruptions in this process during corticogenesis can lead to neurological disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- The human cerebral cortex, responsible for cognition, has six distinct neuronal layers.
- Precise regulation of neuronal morphology and physiology is essential for proper brain function.
- Errors in corticogenesis (cortex development) are linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of cell polarity in sequential stages of cortex development.
- To outline a molecular framework for cell polarity establishment in developing neurons.
- To explore methods for studying cell polarity in vivo and at the tissue level.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on corticogenesis and cell polarity.
- Synthesis of molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying cell polarity.
- Discussion of experimental approaches for in vivo and tissue-wide analysis.
Main Results:
- Cell polarity is a key feature in cortical neural stem cells and postmitotic neurons.
- A framework is proposed for how cell polarity breaks symmetry in nascent projection neurons.
- Methods for integrating single-cell polarity mechanisms into tissue-level understanding are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Cell polarity plays a critical role throughout corticogenesis.
- Understanding cell polarity mechanisms is vital for addressing neurological disorders.
- Future research should focus on in vivo and tissue-wide investigation of these mechanisms.
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