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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Macrolide resistance in pneumococci-is it relevant?

Allen C Cheng1,2,3, Adam W J Jenney4,3,5

  • 1Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Melbourne, Australia.

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)
|July 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Increasing macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a growing concern for pneumonia treatment. While ß-lactams remain effective, macrolides may not be suitable as sole therapy for severe pneumococcal infections.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCommunity-acquired pneumoniaMacrolidesStreptococcus pneumoniae

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Macrolide antibiotics are frequently prescribed for various infections, notably pneumonia.
  • A significant rise in both high-level and low-level macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae strains is observed globally.

Discussion:

  • Macrolide resistance in pneumococci has minimal clinical impact when ß-lactam antibiotics are the primary treatment for moderate to severe pneumonia.
  • However, emerging data indicate potential limitations of macrolides as monotherapy for severe pneumococcal infections.

Key Insights:

  • Global increase in macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Limited clinical relevance of macrolide resistance when ß-lactams are used for pneumonia.
  • Macrolides may not be reliable for monotherapy in serious pneumococcal infections.

Outlook:

  • Need for ongoing surveillance of macrolide resistance patterns.
  • Re-evaluation of treatment guidelines for severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
  • Exploration of alternative antibiotic strategies to combat resistant strains.