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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

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Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.4K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.3K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.1K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

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Dissolution DNP using trityl radicals at 7 T field.

Fabian Jähnig1, Grzegorz Kwiatkowski2, Alexander Däpp1

  • 1Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. maer@ethz.ch.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|July 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) polarizer. This system achieves higher polarization levels for in vivo imaging agents like pyruvic acid at 7 T.

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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Hyperpolarization Techniques
  • Biomedical Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is crucial for producing hyperpolarized substrates.
  • Enhanced polarization is vital for improving in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using 13C detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a novel DNP polarizer for dissolution applications.
  • To achieve higher polarization levels at a 7 T static magnetic field and 1.4 K temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new DNP polarizer system for 7 T operation.
  • Optimization of trityl-based sample preparation and experimental conditions.
  • Investigation of trace Gadolinium (Gd3+) addition effects.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 56% polarization for [1-13C]-pyruvic acid, surpassing the 35-45% at 3.4 T.
  • Observed increased polarization build-up times (1300-1900 s) at 7 T compared to 3.4 T (670 s).
  • Gd3+ addition boosted polarization by 6% for one trityl compound.

Conclusions:

  • The new 7 T DNP polarizer successfully enhances polarization levels for in vivo imaging agents.
  • Optimized protocols and sample compositions are key for maximizing polarization at higher fields.
  • Further improvements in DNP polarization are achievable through careful experimental design and additive use.