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Poynting and reverse Poynting effects in soft materials.

C O Horgan1, J G Murphy

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. coh8p@virginia.edu.

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The Poynting effect describes how materials change length when twisted. This study uses hyperelasticity theory to predict positive and negative Poynting effects in anisotropic soft fibrous materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Continuum Mechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Poynting effect, observed in twisted metal wires, involves changes in length under load.
  • Poynting-type effects also occur in soft materials during shearing or rotation.
  • These phenomena are inherently nonlinear, with recent studies exploring them in biogels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an alternative approach for analyzing the Poynting effect in soft solids.
  • To demonstrate the utility of hyperelasticity theory in predicting Poynting effects.
  • To investigate the role of material anisotropy in these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Application of macroscopic phenomenological theory of hyperelasticity.
  • Analysis based on nonlinear continuum mechanics.
  • Examination of anisotropic soft fibrous materials.

Main Results:

  • The hyperelasticity theory transparently predicts both positive and negative Poynting effects.
  • Material anisotropy is identified as a critical factor influencing the Poynting effect.
  • The macroscopic approach offers a clear framework for understanding normal stress behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear continuum mechanics provides a robust framework for understanding the Poynting effect in soft materials.
  • Material anisotropy significantly dictates the occurrence and nature of Poynting effects.
  • This theoretical approach aids in predicting complex mechanical behaviors in engineered and biological tissues.