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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

325
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
282
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
764
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

287
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
287
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

299
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
299
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

272
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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[Geriatric medicine].

Sonia Lajoso1, Cyrille P Launay1, Barbara Poloni1

  • 1Service de gériatrie et de réadaptation gériatrique, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inappropriate prescribing, falls, and dementia incidence were examined. Research also evaluated transfusion thresholds, swallowing disorder screening, and vaccine efficacy for influenza and shingles.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Inappropriate drug prescribing poses risks to older adults.
  • Falls and syncope are significant concerns in geriatric populations.
  • Cognitive decline, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, affects many seniors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inappropriate drug prescribing, its causes, and prevention.
  • To explore the causes and implications of falls and syncope.
  • To evaluate current medical practices and interventions for geriatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analyses were conducted on transfusion thresholds and swallowing disorder screening.
  • Observational studies analyzed trends in vascular dementia incidence.
  • Research investigated the role of microbleeds in cognitive decline and aducanumab's efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Inappropriate prescribing factors and prevention strategies were identified.
  • Studies on falls and syncope provided new insights.
  • A meta-analysis questioned transfusion threshold adaptation for comorbidities.
  • Vascular dementia incidence is declining; microbleeds impact cognition; aducanumab shows promise for Alzheimer's.
  • Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers in nursing homes is recommended.
  • Shingles vaccines, including HZ7su, are effective and safe in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports continued research into optimizing geriatric care.
  • Interventions for cognitive decline and infectious diseases require careful consideration.
  • Adherence to vaccination recommendations and appropriate prescribing practices is crucial.