[Risk factors' analysis of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Surgical Oncology
• General Surgery

Background:

• Hypoparathyroidism is a significant complication following thyroidectomy.
• Transient hypoparathyroidism resolves within weeks, while permanent hypoparathyroidism requires treatment beyond 12 months.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the primary risk factors influencing transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism post-thyroidectomy.
• To inform improved pre- and post-operative management strategies for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on risk factors for hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.
• Analysis of pre- and post-operative biochemical markers and patient-specific factors.

Main Results:

• Key risk factors include pre- and post-operative serum calcium, vitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
• Patient demographics (female sex) and disease characteristics (Graves' disease, thyroid neoplasms) are associated risk factors.
• Surgeon's dexterity and surgical technique are critical determinants of hypoparathyroidism development.

Conclusions:

• While biochemical and biological factors contribute, surgical expertise remains paramount in preventing iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism.
• Optimizing surgical technique and considering patient-specific factors can mitigate the risk of hypoparathyroidism.