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Nilotinib Induced Recurrent Gastric Polyps: Case Report and Review of Literature
Nancy Kassem1, Omar M Ismail2, Halima Elomri2
1Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently an important targeted drug class in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib was the first approved TKI for CML in 2001. Nilotinib is a second-generation TKI, approved in 2007; it inhibits BCR-ABL, PDGFR, and c-KIT, and is 30 times more potent than imatinib. Tyrosine kinase enzymes are expressed in multiple tissues and are involved in several signaling pathways; they have been shown to have several off-target side effects. CASE REPORT We report a case of an elderly male with CML and no history of gastrointestinal diseases, treated with nilotinib, and developed recurrent gastric polyps after three years of treatment. We excluded common causes of gastric polyps and therefore considered nilotinib as a probable cause of recurrent gastric polyps. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent gastric polyps could be a potential side effect of nilotinib treatment. Careful long-term monitoring of patients on TKI therapy is necessary and further long-term studies of TKI side effects are needed.
Insights
Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), may cause recurrent gastric polyps. Long-term monitoring of patients on TKI therapy is crucial for identifying potential side effects.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are crucial targeted therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
- Nilotinib, a potent second-generation TKI, targets BCR-ABL, PDGFR, and c-KIT, offering enhanced efficacy over imatinib.
- TKIs, while effective, can cause off-target side effects due to their expression in multiple tissues and involvement in various signaling pathways.
Observation:
- A case report details an elderly male with CML treated with nilotinib.
- The patient developed recurrent gastric polyps after three years of nilotinib therapy.
- Common causes of gastric polyps were excluded, implicating nilotinib.
Findings:
- Recurrent gastric polyps are identified as a potential adverse event associated with nilotinib treatment.
- This finding suggests a possible link between nilotinib and gastrointestinal polyp formation.
Implications:
- Nilotinib may pose a risk of inducing gastric polyps in CML patients.
- Close, long-term monitoring for gastrointestinal side effects is essential for patients undergoing TKI therapy.
- Further research into the long-term side effects of TKIs, including gastric polyp development, is warranted.
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