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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Plastic Deformations01:14

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
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Experiments on deformation behaviour of functionally graded NiTi structures.

Bashir S Shariat1, Qinglin Meng1, Abdus S Mahmud1,2

  • 1Laboratory for Functional Materials, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

Data in Brief
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the thermomechanical deformation of functionally graded Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys. Experimental data reveals how microstructural, compositional, and geometrical grading affects NiTi

Keywords:
Functionally graded material (FGM)Heat treatmentMartensitic transformationNiTiPseudoelasticityShape memory alloy (SMA)

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Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Functionally graded materials (FGMs) offer tailored properties by varying composition or microstructure.
  • Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit unique thermomechanical behaviors like shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity.
  • Combining FGMs with NiTi SMAs can lead to advanced components with enhanced functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate the thermomechanical deformation behavior of various functionally graded NiTi alloy components.
  • To investigate the influence of microstructural, compositional, and geometrical grading on NiTi properties.
  • To provide data supporting the design and application of FG NiTi SMAs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microstructurally, compositionally, and geometrically graded NiTi components.
  • Experimental testing of stress-strain variations under different heat treatments and temperatures.
  • Analysis of 4-way shape memory behavior and pseudoelastic response through tensile loading cycles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated stress-strain variations in microstructurally graded NiTi wires across various conditions.
  • Illustrated complex 4-way shape memory behavior in a compositionally graded NiTi strip.
  • Presented the impact of geometrical design on the pseudoelasticity of graded NiTi plates.

Conclusions:

  • Functionally graded NiTi structures exhibit distinct thermomechanical deformation behaviors based on grading strategy.
  • Experimental data validates the potential of FG NiTi for advanced applications requiring tailored smart properties.
  • Further research into FG NiTi alloys can optimize performance for specific engineering demands.