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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Unsustainable development pathways caused by tropical deforestation.

Luis Roman Carrasco1, Thi Phuong Le Nghiem1,2, Zhirong Chen1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.

Science Advances
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many countries fail sustainability assessments due to deforestation. Tropical deforestation damages nature and hinders development, compromising future well-being, especially when not offset by other economic gains.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Economics
  • Ecology
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • National accounts often exclude natural capital and ecosystem services, limiting sustainability assessments.
  • Tropical deforestation significantly impacts natural capital and ecosystem services globally.
  • Incorporating these losses is crucial for accurate evaluation of development trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update national accounts for 80 deforested nations (2000-2012) and assess their development sustainability.
  • To evaluate development trajectories using both weak (aggregate capital) and strong (forest ecosystem services) sustainability criteria.
  • To identify how tropical deforestation affects national sustainability and future well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Updated national accounts for 80 nations experiencing tropical deforestation between 2000 and 2012.
  • Applied weak sustainability criteria: ensuring no decrease in aggregate national capital.
  • Applied strong sustainability criteria: ensuring no decrease in the value of forest ecosystem services relative to the year 2000.

Main Results:

  • Several countries (e.g., Sri Lanka, India) show sustainable development under both criteria.
  • Some nations (e.g., Brazil, Indonesia) meet weak sustainability but fail strong sustainability due to ecosystem service loss.
  • Many countries exhibit unsustainable pathways driven by deforestation, with losses uncompensated by other sectors.

Conclusions:

  • Tropical deforestation is a significant threat to national sustainability, often unmitigated by economic development.
  • Failure to account for natural capital losses compromises long-term well-being and future generations.
  • Robust national accounting integrating ecosystem services is essential for effective global sustainability strategies.