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Updated: Feb 26, 2026
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Castration-resistance prostate cancer: what is in the pipeline?
Cosimo DE Nunzio1, Fabrizio Presicce2, Silvana Giacinti3
1Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy - fabriziopresicce@libero.it.
Introduction:
To evaluate the available evidence on the standard diagnosis and management of men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and providing the timely update on new pharmacological treatments.
Evidence Acquisition:
A systematic literature search from from January 2000 until March 2017 was performed by combining the following MESH terms: castrate resistant prostate cancer, abiraterone, enzalutamide, 223radium, sipuleucel-T, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, resistance mechanisms, resistance to androgen deprivation, androgen receptor (AR) mutations, amplifications, splice variants, and AR alterations. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).
Evidence Synthesis:
In the few last years the introduction of new treatment modalities as abiraterone or enzalutamide have significantly change our prospective in mCRPC management increasing patients survival and quality of life. The standard imaging modalities to define the presence of regional or distant metastasis or the different resistant mechanisms to the available treatments are still an issue of debate, however several studies are ongoing to define the standard of care and to reduce treatments' resistance. Data from ongoing phase III trials are awaited to introduce in clinical new effective treatments that can be used in patients resistant to abiraterone/enzalutamide or more probably in a different phase of the disease.
Conclusions:
Castration resistant prostate cancer is now the key issue in prostate cancer management and research. Our challenge in the near future will be to identify the right treatment or better the right combination and sequencing of treatments that should be used in patients with mCRPC or even with advanced prostate cancer.
Insights
New treatments like abiraterone and enzalutamide improve survival for men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Research continues to find optimal treatment combinations and sequencing for advanced prostate cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
Background:
- Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) presents significant management challenges.
- Advances in pharmacological treatments have emerged, impacting patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the current evidence on diagnosing and managing mCRPC.
- To provide an updated overview of novel pharmacological therapies for mCRPC.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2000 to March 2017.
- Keywords included mCRPC, specific drugs (abiraterone, enzalutamide, etc.), and resistance mechanisms.
- The PRISMA guidelines were followed for systematic reviews.
Main Results:
- New treatments such as abiraterone and enzalutamide have improved survival and quality of life in mCRPC patients.
- Standardization of imaging for metastasis and resistance mechanisms remains under investigation.
- Ongoing trials are expected to introduce new treatments for patients resistant to current therapies or at different disease stages.
Conclusions:
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer is a critical focus in prostate cancer research and clinical practice.
- Future efforts will concentrate on identifying optimal treatment strategies, including combinations and sequencing, for mCRPC and advanced prostate cancer.
