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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

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1.5  μm Lasers with Sub-10 mHz Linewidth.

D G Matei1, T Legero1, S Häfner1

  • 1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Two ultrastable lasers stabilized to silicon cavities achieved a fractional frequency instability of 4×10⁻¹⁷, limited by thermal Brownian noise. This research provides methods to connect noise to practical laser linewidths and coherence times.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Laser physics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • High-stability lasers are crucial for precision measurements.
  • Thermal Brownian noise in optical cavities limits laser frequency stability.
  • Understanding and mitigating noise sources is essential for advancing metrology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on two ultrastable lasers stabilized to independent silicon Fabry-Pérot cavities.
  • To investigate the fundamental limits imposed by thermal Brownian noise on laser frequency instability.
  • To develop methods for relating flicker frequency noise to observable linewidths and coherence times.

Main Methods:

  • Stabilization of two independent lasers to silicon Fabry-Pérot cavities at 124 K.
  • Characterization of fractional frequency instability and identification of noise sources.

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  • Analysis of phase noise spectra and beat notes between lasers.
  • Derivation of methods to quantify noise-induced divergences.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved fractional frequency instability floor of 4×10⁻¹⁷, limited by thermal Brownian noise.
    • Demonstrated laser linewidths as narrow as 5 mHz at 194 THz.
    • Derived usable phase coherence times ranging from 11 to 55 s.

    Conclusions:

    • Thermal Brownian noise in mirror coatings is the dominant factor limiting laser instability.
    • The developed methods provide practical links between noise phenomena and observable laser parameters.
    • The achieved performance represents a significant advancement in ultrastable laser technology for metrology and fundamental science.