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Developing ADHD in preschool: Testing the dual pathway model of temperament
Julia Kerner Auch Koerner1, Nicole Gust2, Franz Petermann2
1a Helmut-Schmidt-University, Hamburg, Germany and Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA) , Frankfurt , Germany.
Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|July 15, 2017
Summary
The dual pathway model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was supported in preschoolers. Temperament traits of effortful control and surgency independently predicted ADHD symptoms, suggesting early risk identification.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- The dual pathway model of ADHD links effortful control and surgency to ADHD.
- This model is established in school-aged children but not preschool children.
- Preschool temperament assessment may aid in early ADHD risk identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the dual pathway model of ADHD in preschool children.
- To examine the independent predictive roles of effortful control and surgency on ADHD symptoms in preschoolers.
Main Methods:
- 119 preschoolers (59 girls, mean age 4.97 years) participated.
- Parental ratings of temperament were collected using the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ).
- Parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Main Results:
- Effortful control and surgency independently predicted preschool ADHD symptoms.
- No significant moderation or mediation effects were found between these pathways and ADHD symptoms.
- Findings support the dual pathway model of temperament in preschoolers.
Conclusions:
- The dual pathway model of ADHD is applicable to preschool children.
- Temperament ratings are valuable for predicting children at risk for developing ADHD.
- Early temperament assessment can inform ADHD prevention strategies.
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