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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Homogeneous crystal nucleation in polymers.

C Schick1,2,3, R Androsch4, J W P Schmelzer1

  • 1Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homogeneous nucleation in polymers, previously doubted, is now experimentally confirmed near the glass transition temperature using fast scanning calorimetry. This finding advances polymer crystallization theory and modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Crystal nucleation pathway critically impacts semi-crystalline polymer structure and properties.
  • Homogeneous nucleation in bulk polymers has been experimentally challenging and debated.
  • Classical nucleation theory provides a framework for understanding polymer crystallization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize experimental findings on homogeneous crystal nucleation in polymers.
  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of homogeneous nucleation near the glass transition temperature.
  • To assess the consistency of experimental results with classical nucleation theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing fast scanning calorimetry with high cooling/heating rates (up to 10^6 K s^-1).
  • Investigating nucleation phenomena near and below the glass transition temperature.
  • Analyzing the stability of polymer nuclei.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence confirms homogeneous nucleation in polymers at temperatures near the glass transition temperature.
  • The maximum homogeneous nucleation rate for polymers occurs close to the glass transition temperature.
  • Most experimental observations align with predictions from classical nucleation theory.

Conclusions:

  • Homogeneous nucleation is experimentally accessible and significant in polymer crystallization near the glass transition temperature.
  • Findings support the application of classical nucleation theory to homogeneous polymer nucleation.
  • Discrepancies highlight areas for future research in nucleation theory and experimental validation.