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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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Genetics Influence Neurocognitive Performance at Baseline but Not Concussion History in Collegiate Student-Athletes.

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Certain gene variants, like Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), may affect cognitive performance in student-athletes. However, these genotypes did not predict concussion history in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes such as Apolipoprotein E (APOE), APOE promoter, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and dopamine D2 receptor have been linked to concussion risk and cognitive function.
  • Understanding these genetic influences is crucial for assessing concussion susceptibility and cognitive abilities in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms (APOE, APOE promoter, COMT, and DRD2) and cognitive performance in collegiate student-athletes.
  • To determine if these genetic variations can predict concussion history in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 250 NCAA Division I collegiate student-athletes.
  • Participants underwent baseline Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and provided DNA samples for genotyping.
  • Neurocognitive performance data from ImPACT and self-reported concussion history were collected.

Main Results:

  • Carriage of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele was associated with significantly slower reaction times (P = 0.001).
  • Homozygosity for the Val allele of the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene correlated with poorer impulse control scores (P = 0.014).
  • No tested genotypes were found to predict self-reported concussion history.

Conclusions:

  • Specific genotypes, particularly APOE and COMT, may influence baseline neurocognitive performance in collegiate athletes.
  • The findings suggest that APOE genotypes may not be a significant predictor of concussion susceptibility in this cohort, contrary to some previous research.