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Halide removal from waters by silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide
A M S Polo1, J J Lopez-Peñalver1, J Rivera-Utrilla1
1Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, ES18071 Granada, Spain.
The Science of the Total Environment
|July 15, 2017
Summary
Silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide effectively remove bromide and chloride from water by forming precipitates. This process is optimized at basic pH and can be regenerated using light, though organic matter can reduce efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Nanotechnology
- Water Treatment
Background:
- Halide contamination in water poses environmental and health risks.
- Conventional water treatment methods may have limitations in halide removal.
- Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer potential for advanced water purification applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for halide removal from water.
- To optimize experimental parameters for halide removal using the AgNP/H2O2 system.
- To elucidate the reaction mechanism involved in halide removal and AgNP oxidation.
Main Methods:
- Optimization of AgNP and H2O2 concentrations for bromide and chloride removal.
- Investigation of pH effects on halide removal efficiency.
- Detection of radical species (OH, O2-) formed during AgNP oxidation.
- Assessment of interference from NaCl and tannic acid (TAN).
- Evaluation of AgNP regeneration using UV or solar light.
- Toxicity testing of AgNPs using Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition.
Main Results:
- The AgNP/H2O2 process demonstrated high efficacy for bromide and chloride removal via selective precipitation of AgCl and AgBr.
- Optimal removal was achieved at basic pH, reaching up to 100% for both halides.
- Radical species formation (OH, O2-) was observed during Ag(0) to Ag(I) oxidation, with higher efficacy at pH 11.
- NaCl and TAN reduced bromide removal efficiency due to AgCl precipitation and radical scavenging, respectively.
- Regeneration of spent AgNPs was feasible using UV or solar light.
- AgNPs exhibited toxicity by inhibiting Vibrio fischeri luminescence.
Conclusions:
- The AgNP/H2O2 system is a promising technology for effective halide removal from water.
- Understanding the reaction mechanism and influencing factors (pH, matrix components) is crucial for process optimization.
- AgNP regeneration offers a sustainable approach to water treatment.
- Potential environmental impacts of AgNPs require careful consideration due to observed toxicity.
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