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Self-propulsion and crossing statistics under random initial conditions.

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Summary
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Self-propelled particles overcome energy barriers through a sharp transition in external force, analogous to macroscopic tunneling. This finding explains experimental results on wave-particle entities crossing potential barriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Self-propelled particles exhibit complex behaviors, including barrier crossing.
  • Rayleigh friction influences particle dynamics and energy dissipation.
  • Wave-particle entities can interact with obstacles and overcome potential barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate energy barrier crossing in self-propelled particles with Rayleigh friction.
  • To explain the phenomenon of macroscopic tunneling observed in wave-particle systems.
  • To rationalize experimental findings on droplet-obstacle interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of particle dynamics under external force fields.
  • Identification of saddle point transitions in velocity-flow phase space.
  • Development of a probability distribution for barrier crossing based on initial conditions.

Main Results:

  • A sharp transition in external force dramatically increases particle amplitude.
  • Self-propulsion is sufficient to overcome high-energy barriers.
  • A derived probability distribution for barrier crossing matches experimental data, resembling a Boltzmann exponential law.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a mechanism for macroscopic tunneling in self-propelled systems.
  • The findings provide a theoretical framework for understanding wave-particle entity interactions with obstacles.
  • The probability of barrier crossing is analogous to that in Hamiltonian systems.