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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

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Hemifield coding in ventral object-sensitive areas - Evidence from visual hemiagnosia.

Johannes Rennig1, Hans-Otto Karnath2, Sonja Cornelsen3

  • 1Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Knowledge Media Research Center, Neurocognition Lab, IWM-KMRC, Tübingen, Germany.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|July 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Object perception relies on two intact ventral pathways in the brain. Damage to one pathway impairs visual processing in one visual field, showing limited compensation by the other hemisphere.

Keywords:
HemifieldHumanObject perceptionRetinotopyVisual agnosia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies suggest lateralization in object perception signal processing.
  • The precise organization and redundancy of hemispheric object perception systems remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ventral object processing pathways in visual field perception.
  • To determine if one hemisphere can compensate for the loss of the other in object recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 10 patients with lesions in ventral object processing regions and intact primary visual functions.
  • Presented object stimuli laterally to assess performance in contralesional and ipsilesional visual fields.

Main Results:

  • Patients showed impaired object perception in the contralesional visual field.
  • Object perception remained intact in the ipsilesional visual field.

Conclusions:

  • Unimpaired object perception across the entire visual field requires two intact ventral pathways.
  • The contralateral homolog or spared ventral stream parts cannot fully compensate for the loss of one pathway.