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Translation

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...

Translation

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

Differential TBXA2 receptor transcript stability is dependent on the C924T polymorphism.

Vincenzo De Iuliis¹, Sebastiano Ursi¹, Alfonso Pennelli²

¹SS Annunziata University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Molecular Biology and Predictive Medicine, University of Chieti, ASL Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy.

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators

|July 16, 2017

Summary

The TBXA2R TT genotype may protect against atherothrombosis by increasing transcript instability and reducing platelet aggregation, especially in aspirin-treated patients. This finding highlights the post-transcriptional role of the C924T polymorphism in cardiovascular health.

Keywords:

Gene expression Platelet aggregation Single nucleotide polymorphism

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A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Investigated the post-transcriptional role of the C924T polymorphism (rs4523) in the 3' region of the TBXA2R gene.
Aimed to better characterize molecular mechanisms involved in processing mutated transcripts.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of the C924T polymorphism on TBXA2R mRNA stability and receptor expression.
To correlate these molecular changes with platelet aggregation and potential atherothrombotic risk.

Main Methods:

Dose-response experiments with Actinomycin D on MEG-01 cells to assess cell viability.
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze TBXA2R mRNA stability.
Analysis of TBXA2R expression levels and glycosylation in wild type (CC) versus mutant (TT) genotypes.
Assessment of platelet aggregation in relation to the C924T polymorphism.

Main Results:

Actinomycin D significantly decreased cell viability, with greater impact at higher concentrations and longer treatment durations.
TBXA2R mRNA stability was increased for the wild type (C) allele compared to the mutant (T) allele.
The wild type (CC) genotype showed higher TBXA2R expression (including glycosylated forms) compared to the mutant (TT) genotype.
Reduced platelet aggregation was observed in individuals with the TT genotype, irrespective of the aggregation stimulus.

Conclusions:

The TBXA2R TT genotype is associated with increased mRNA instability and reduced platelet aggregation.
These findings suggest a potential protective role of the TBXA2R TT genotype against atherothrombosis.
This protective effect may be particularly relevant in high-risk, aspirin-treated patients.