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MicroRNA: Basic concepts and implications for regeneration and repair of neurodegenerative diseases

Cláudia Saraiva1, Marta Esteves1, Liliana Bernardino1

  • 1Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.

Biochemical Pharmacology
|July 16, 2017
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate gene expression and are key in brain processes like neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. Specific miRNAs show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression, impacting approximately 30% of the human genome.
  • These molecules play crucial roles in neuronal survival, differentiation, and regeneration, making them significant in brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miRNA biogenesis, signaling, and regulation.
  • To explore the roles of specific miRNAs (miR-9, miR-124, miR-132, miR-137) in adult neurogenesis and neurodegeneration.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of miRNA-based strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biogenesis, function, and roles in neurobiology.
  • Analysis of specific miRNA involvement in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Examination of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression with broad impact on neuronal processes.
  • Specific miRNAs are implicated in both promoting neurogenesis and contributing to neurodegeneration in diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and ALS.
  • Expression patterns of miRNAs in brain and circulation suggest potential as biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are pivotal in regulating neurogenesis and neurodegeneration, offering promising avenues for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs presents a potential strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases, though challenges remain.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and harness the therapeutic benefits of miRNA technology in neurology.
Keywords:
NeurodegenerationNeurogenesisRegenerationmiRNAmiRNA-based therapies

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