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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Amyloid precursor protein in pancreatic islets.

Joshua A Kulas1, Kendra L Puig1, Colin K Combs2

  • 1Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA.

The Journal of Endocrinology
|July 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is present in the pancreas and influences insulin secretion. This suggests APP may play a role in pancreatic function and diabetes pathophysiology.

Keywords:
AlzheimerBACE2amyloiddiabetesinsulinpancreas

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to type 2 diabetes.
  • The pancreas regulates blood glucose via insulin and glucagon.
  • Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is central to AD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate APP expression and processing in the pancreas.
  • Determine APP's role in pancreatic function and diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Examined APP in mouse and human pancreatic tissues.
  • Utilized Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
  • Analyzed APP processing and its effect on islet hormone secretion.

Main Results:

  • APP found in pancreatic islets of mice and humans.
  • APP/PS1 mice showed increased islet APP without detectable amyloid beta.
  • APP influenced levels of GLUT4, IDE, and BACE2.
  • Secreted APP (sAPP) stimulated insulin secretion from islet cultures.

Conclusions:

  • APP and its metabolites impact pancreatic physiology.
  • sAPP may act in autocrine or paracrine ways to affect insulin secretion.
  • APP's role in pancreatic function warrants further investigation in diabetes.