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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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CRISPR/Cas9-Enabled Multiplex Genome Editing and Its Application.

Bastian Minkenberg1, Matthew Wheatley1, Yinong Yang1

  • 1The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiplex genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and multiple guide RNAs (gRNAs) allows for efficient gene targeting and modification. This versatile tool accelerates plant gene discovery and crop improvement.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasGene editingGenome editingGuide RNA expressionMultiplex editing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 is a key genome-editing technology.
  • Guide RNAs (gRNAs) direct Cas9 to specific DNA sites.
  • Reprogramming gRNAs enables targeting of different DNA sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the capabilities of multiplex genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 with multiple gRNAs.
  • To highlight methods for delivering multiple gRNAs in vivo.
  • To discuss applications in gene knockout, deletion, and regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 system with multiple guide RNAs (gRNAs).
  • Employing various strategies for in vivo delivery of multiple gRNAs, including multigene cassettes and tRNA-dependent cleavage.
  • Engineering Cas9-dimers and dCas9 fusions for enhanced specificity and functional control.

Main Results:

  • Multiplex genome editing achieves high efficiencies for simultaneous targeting of multiple DNA sequences.
  • Methods like Cas9-dimers reduce off-target effects.
  • dCas9 fusions enable precise control over gene expression and epigenetic modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Multiplex genome editing significantly enhances the ability to manipulate genomes.
  • This technology is poised to accelerate functional genomics in plants.
  • It offers a powerful approach for the genetic improvement of agricultural crops.