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Developmental changes in sensitivity to vocal paralanguage.

Margaret Friend1

  • 1San Diego State University, USA.

Developmental Science
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Auditory perception

Background:

  • Children's understanding of vocal paralanguage (speaker affect) develops over time.
  • Acoustic variations in speech convey emotional cues, but their interpretation changes with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine developmental changes in children's sensitivity to acoustic cues for speaker affect.
  • To investigate how children use vocal paralanguage and lexical information to interpret speaker emotions.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 4, 7, and 10 years listened to speech in three formats: filtered, reiterant, and normal.
  • Judgments of speaker affect were analyzed based on the availability of acoustic and lexical cues in each format.

Main Results:

  • Performance improved with age, especially when acoustic cues were rich and lexical information was absent.
  • Four-year-olds struggled with prosody alone and attending to paralanguage when lexical cues conflicted.
  • Ten-year-olds demonstrated an integration of prosodic cues and attention to paralanguage during discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • Children's ability to interpret speaker affect from vocal cues develops significantly between ages 4 and 10.
  • Selective attention to language influences the development of perceptual biases in processing vocal paralanguage.