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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Model of Illusions and Virtual Reality.

Mar Gonzalez-Franco1, Jaron Lanier1

  • 1Microsoft ResearchRedmond, WA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Virtual Reality (VR) can create powerful illusions, altering user behavior realistically by simulating different situations and identities. This research reviews VR illusions and proposes a neuroscientific model for their underlying mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Virtual Reality (VR) enables the induction of illusions where users perceive altered situations and identities.
  • These VR illusions can elicit realistic behavioral responses, mimicking real-world experiences.
  • Research into VR-induced illusions has evolved significantly since the 1980s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile empirical evidence on illusory experiences in VR.
  • To propose a neuroscientific model explaining the mechanisms behind VR illusions.
  • To outline instrumentation requirements and discuss limitations of a generic VR illusion model.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of existing empirical research on VR illusions.
  • Development of a neuroscientific model based on perceptual and cognitive mechanisms.
Keywords:
avatarscognitionembodimentperceptionvirtual reality

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  • Analysis of technical requirements for supporting VR illusory experiences.

    • Main Results:

    • A comprehensive overview of VR illusion research is presented.
    • A novel neuroscientific model is proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
    • Essential instrumentation for VR illusions and model limitations are discussed.

    Conclusions:

    • VR illusions are a robust phenomenon with significant empirical support.
    • Understanding the neuroscientific underpinnings is crucial for advancing VR technology.
    • Further research is needed to refine VR illusion models and their applications.