Artificial Metalloenzymes: Reaction Scope and Optimization Strategies
Fabian Schwizer1, Yasunori Okamoto1, Tillmann Heinisch1
1Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Chemical Reviews
|July 18, 2017
Summary
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) combine synthetic catalysts with protein scaffolds for enhanced performance. This review comprehensively surveys ArM research up to 2016, focusing on reaction classes and development strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Protein Engineering
Background:
- Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) integrate synthetic catalysts into protein scaffolds.
- Early development was hindered by limitations in organometallic synthesis and protein engineering.
- Renewed interest since the early 2000s stems from advances in these fields and the potential for combining homogeneous and enzymatic catalysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of artificial metalloenzyme research up to December 2016.
- To organize the field by reaction class using a functional-group transformation classification.
- To enable comparison of different ArM construction strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ArM research up to December 2016.
- Classification of catalyzed reactions based on functional-group transformations.
- Analysis of protein scaffolds, metallocofactor anchoring strategies, and mutagenesis approaches.
Main Results:
- Summarizes proteins and anchoring strategies used in ArM creation.
- Details historical development and a wide range of catalyzed non-natural reactions.
- Facilitates comparison of ArMs based on diverse construction parameters.
Conclusions:
- ArMs offer the potential for genetic memory and improvement via directed evolution.
- This field provides insights into second coordination sphere effects in catalysis.
- The review serves as a foundation for a searchable ArM database.
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