Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 26, 2026
07:49
Spontaneous Formation and Rearrangement of Artificial Lipid Nanotube Networks as a Bottom-Up Model for Endoplasmic Reticulum
Published on: January 22, 2019
8.4K
Organelle biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum
Amit S Joshi1, Hong Zhang2,3, William A Prinz1
1Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nature Cell Biology
|July 18, 2017
Summary
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for de novo organelle biogenesis, generating peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and omegasomes. Specialized ER subdomains drive this essential process in cell biology.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Organelle biogenesis is fundamental to cellular function.
- Organelles can arise from pre-existing structures or be formed de novo.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key site for de novo synthesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the ER's role in generating specific organelles.
- To discuss the formation and function of ER subdomains in organelle biogenesis.
- To highlight the mechanisms of de novo organelle formation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review
- Analysis of existing research on organelle biogenesis
- Synthesis of information on ER function and subdomain formation
Main Results:
- The ER is the primary site for de novo biogenesis of peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and omegasomes.
- Specific ER subdomains, defined by unique protein and lipid compositions, facilitate organelle generation.
- These subdomains play critical roles in cellular organization and function.
Conclusions:
- The ER is a dynamic hub for the creation of essential cellular components.
- Understanding ER subdomains provides insights into fundamental cell biology processes.
- Targeting ER function could offer new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Related Concept Videos
01:43The Endoplasmic Reticulum
22.3K
The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
22.3K
01:32Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
5.4K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
5.4K
01:39Endoplasmic Reticulum
113.7K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
113.7K
01:45ER Retrieval Pathway
4.9K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
4.9K
01:49Golgi Apparatus
105.8K
As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
105.8K
01:09Golgi Apparatus
22.4K
Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
22.4K