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Linkage between the leader sequence and leader RNA production in Borna disease virus-infected cells
Tomoyuki Honda1, Kozue Sofuku2, Shohei Kojima2
1Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract:
The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the non-segmented, negative-strand (NNS) RNA viral genome is called the leader sequence, and functions as the promoter for viral replication and transcription. NNS RNA viruses also use the sequence as a template to synthesize leader RNAs (leRNAs) with unknown functions. Borna disease virus (BDV) is unique because it establishes a persistent infection and replicates in the nucleus. No report has yet demonstrated the presence of leRNAs during BDV infection. Here, we report that BDV synthesizes leRNAs from the 3'-UTR of the genome. They started at position 5 in the 3'-UTR and ended by the transcription start signal of the nucleoprotein gene. The level of leRNA production is not correlated with the levels of viral replication and transcription. On the other hand, mutation of the 3'-UTR affects leRNA production. Our findings add a novel viral transcript to the BDV life cycle and shed light on BDV replication and/or transcription.
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