Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

8.0K

Population Pharmacokinetics of Diazoxide in Children with Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia

Rika Kizu1,2, Kazuko Nishimura3, Reiko Sato3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Hormone Research in Paediatrics
|July 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

This study developed a pharmacokinetic model for diazoxide in children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI). Higher diazoxide levels increase the risk of hyperglycemia, guiding safe treatment for HI.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Diazoxide is a primary treatment for pediatric hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI).
  • Understanding diazoxide pharmacokinetics in children with HI is crucial for effective and safe treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a population pharmacokinetic model for diazoxide in pediatric patients with HI.
  • To identify factors influencing diazoxide pharmacokinetics.
  • To investigate the relationship between diazoxide exposure and adverse drug reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Population pharmacokinetic analysis of 81 serum samples from 22 children with HI.
  • Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to assess patient factors.
  • Investigation of correlations between drug concentrations and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • A 1-compartment model described diazoxide disposition.
  • Oral clearance and volume of distribution were weight-dependent.
  • Female patients exhibited higher oral clearance than males.
  • Serum concentrations exceeding 100 μg/mL were associated with hyperglycemia.
  • No correlation found between hirsutism severity and diazoxide levels.

Conclusions:

  • The first population pharmacokinetic model for diazoxide in pediatric HI was developed.
  • Serum diazoxide concentrations above 100 μg/mL increase the risk of hyperglycemia and potential diabetes mellitus.
Abstract

Keywords:
DiazoxideHyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiaPopulation pharmacokinetics

More Related Videos

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.8K
Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT07:07

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

Published on: May 2, 2017

14.4K

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
407
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
941
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
289
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
381
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
377