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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Related Experiment Video

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Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions
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Visual Decision-Making in an Uncertain and Dynamic World.

Joshua I Gold1, Alan A Stocker2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;

Annual Review of Vision Science
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Making effective decisions requires the brain to flexibly adapt to changing goals and past experiences. Understanding these temporal dependencies is key for decision-making in dynamic environments.

Keywords:
Bayesian decision theoryperceptionpriorspsychophysicssequential analysissignal detection theory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Decisions are influenced by evolving expectations, goals, and contingencies.
  • Temporal dependencies significantly impact decision-making processes.
  • Visual decisions integrate immediate input with past experiences and future expectations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding how the brain handles temporal dependencies in decision-making.
  • To explore the flexibility of evidence accumulation and commitment mechanisms in dynamic environments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on neural mechanisms of decision-making.
  • Analysis of how evidence accumulation and commitment operate under changing conditions.

Main Results:

  • Visual decision-making utilizes evidence accumulation and commitment mechanisms.
  • These mechanisms demonstrate significant flexibility beyond static conditions.
  • Effective decision-making in dynamic environments requires flexibility across timescales.

Conclusions:

  • The brain's decision-making processes are not static but highly adaptable.
  • Further research is needed to uncover the principles governing flexibility in decision-making.
  • Understanding these principles is crucial for effective navigation of uncertain and dynamic environments.