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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
Published on: May 26, 2013
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Viruses with Circular Single-Stranded DNA Genomes Are Everywhere!
L M Shulman1,2, I Davidson3
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel;
Annual Review of Virology
|July 19, 2017
Summary
Circular single-stranded DNA viruses, like chicken anemia virus (CAV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), are increasingly recognized as pathogens. While direct links to human disease are unclear, they may impact autoimmunity and disease severity indirectly.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Animal Health
Background:
- Circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses infect diverse hosts, including archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.
- Emergence of viruses like chicken anemia virus (CAV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) as significant pathogens is noted, possibly due to increased awareness.
- Human anelloviruses are ubiquitous, but their direct causal link to specific diseases remains unproven, though they may influence autoimmunity and immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the emergence and impact of circular ssDNA viruses, focusing on CAV and PCV2.
- To explore the potential indirect roles of viral infections in disease severity and autoimmunity.
- To highlight the shared characteristics between animal and human circular ssDNA viruses.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on circular ssDNA viruses.
- Comparative analysis of viral families Anelloviridae and Circoviridae.
- Discussion of potential health implications in domesticated animals and humans.
Main Results:
- CAV and PCV2 are immunosuppressive viruses affecting domesticated animal health.
- CAV shares genomic and protein features with human anelloviruses.
- PCV2 DNA has been detected in human food and vaccines, raising potential exposure concerns.
Conclusions:
- Circular ssDNA viruses, including CAV and PCV2, pose health concerns in animals due to immunosuppression.
- Human anellovirus infections may indirectly affect disease severity by modulating the immune system.
- Further research is needed to understand the full impact of circular ssDNA viruses on host health and disease.
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