Freehand 3-D Ultrasound Imaging: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Ultrasound Technology
• Computer Science in Medicine

Background:

• Two-dimensional ultrasound (US) has been a staple in clinical practice for over 30 years due to its low cost, portability, and non-invasive nature.
• Recent technological advancements suggest three-dimensional (3-D) US imaging can rival established modalities and address 2-D US limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the field of freehand 3-D US imaging from 1970 to 2017.
• To identify current research trends, methodologies, limitations, key researchers, assessment criteria, and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of freehand 3-D US imaging research.
• Analysis of publications focusing on research trends, methods, limitations, and applications.

Main Results:

• Freehand 3-D US systems are predominantly explored in academic settings.
• Clinical and industrial research prioritizes 3-D US transducer development and hardware performance improvements.
• The review highlights key researchers and standard assessment criteria within the field.

Conclusions:

• Freehand 3-D US imaging is an active and evolving research area with significant potential.
• Despite progress, numerous challenges persist, requiring further investigation and development.