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Changes in diet associated with cancer: An evolutionary perspective.

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Dietary changes are linked to cancer progression. This study proposes a new framework, adapting parasitology concepts, to understand how diet shifts in tumor-bearing individuals can inform novel cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cancer biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Dietary changes are frequently associated with cancer occurrence and progression in humans and animals.
  • An integrated conceptual framework to interpret these diet-cancer links is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer a novel perspective on dietary changes in tumor-bearing individuals by applying concepts from parasitology.
  • To explore the potential of understanding diet shifts during tumor progression for developing new cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework adaptation from parasitology.
  • Analysis of potential reasons for dietary changes during tumor progression (pathological, self-medication, tumor manipulation, host tolerance).

Main Results:

  • Dietary changes can occur during tumor progression due to pathological effects, host self-medication, tumor manipulation, or host tolerance strategies.
  • Host tolerance strategies can be beneficial even if diet changes aid tumor progression, particularly if cancer-induced death is delayed.

Conclusions:

  • A unifying evolutionary framework is needed to understand the complex relationship between diet and tumor progression, especially in early tumorigenesis.
  • Investigating dietary changes alongside tumor progression may reveal innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies for cancer.