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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

872
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

79
Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Good Things in Small Packages: an Innovative Delivery Approach for Inhaled Insulin.

James B Fink1, Lisa Molloy2, John S Patton2

  • 1Dance Biopharm Inc., 150 N. Hill Dr., Suite 24, Brisbane, California, 94005, USA. jfink@dancebiopharm.com.

Pharmaceutical Research
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel breath-actuated inhaler for inhaled insulin, optimizing lung deposition with specific particle sizes and inspiratory flow rates. The device achieved over 70% lung deposition, improving peripheral delivery compared to existing inhalers.

Keywords:
aerosolbreathing patternsdevice designhuman factorsinhaled insulin

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory device engineering
  • Inhaled drug delivery systems
  • Pharmaceutical technology

Background:

  • Developing effective inhaled insulin delivery requires overcoming technical challenges in device design.
  • Optimizing lung deposition and distribution is crucial for therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop a small, handheld, battery-operated, breath-actuated inhaler for inhaled insulin.
  • To optimize lung deposition and distribution using aerosol generators producing 3-6 μm particle size distribution.

Main Methods:

  • In silico modeling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and in vitro testing of airway components.
  • Human factors testing with LED guidance for inspiratory maneuvers.
  • In vivo testing comparing breathing patterns for lung deposition efficiency and distribution.

Main Results:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) identified optimal inspiratory flow rates (around 10 L/min) for efficient aerosol delivery.
  • Prototypes achieved up to 70% of the dose delivered distal to the trachea with 3-6 μm particles.
  • In vivo studies demonstrated >70% lung deposition with peripheral to central ratios >2.0, preferred by subjects.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated device design and novel inspiratory pattern resulted in superior peripheral deposition compared to commercial inhalers.
  • The study outlines a process applicable to future inhaled drug-device development.