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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

607
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Changes in sub-soil river water quality upon its open storage-a case study.

A K Mohanty1, K K Satpathy2, M V R Prasad1

  • 1Environment and Safety Division, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Storing nutrient-rich Palar river sub-soil water in an open reservoir led to significant water quality deterioration. Increased pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a resulted from plant and plankton growth, impacting its use for cooling and demineralization.

Keywords:
Biological growthOpen reservoirsSub-soil water storageWater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Limnology

Background:

  • Sub-soil river water is a raw source for industrial applications, including cooling systems and demineralization plants.
  • Open reservoir storage can alter water properties due to environmental exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in physicochemical and biological properties of sub-soil river water stored in an open reservoir.
  • To assess the impact of storage on water quality for industrial use.

Main Methods:

  • Fortnightly collection of Palar sub-soil and reservoir water samples over five years (2010-2014).
  • Analysis of key physicochemical parameters: nutrient concentrations (phosphate, nitrate), pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a.
  • Comparison of water quality between sub-soil source and open reservoir.

Main Results:

  • Sub-soil water exhibited higher initial concentrations of phosphate and nitrate compared to reservoir water.
  • Reservoir water showed increased pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a.
  • Significant reduction in phosphate and nitrate levels was observed in the reservoir.
  • Growth of plants, plankton, and macrophytes was evident in the reservoir.

Conclusions:

  • Open storage of nutrient-rich sub-soil water promotes biological growth, leading to water quality deterioration.
  • The observed changes compromise the suitability of reservoir water for condenser cooling and demineralization processes.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to maintain water quality for industrial applications.