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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Regulation of Sodium and Potassium01:26

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The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments
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Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments

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Do sodium channel proteolytic fragments regulate sodium channel expression?

Donatus O Onwuli1, Laia Yañez-Bisbe2, Mel Lina Pinsach-Abuin2,3,4

  • 1a Biomedical Sciences , School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Kingston upon Hull , UK.

Channels (Austin, Tex.)
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The linker region of the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 can enter the nucleus and activate its own gene (SCN5A) promoter. This suggests a novel mechanism linking channel degradation to gene expression regulation.

Keywords:
gene expressionmutagenesisnuclear localization signaltranscription factorvoltage-gated sodium channel

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Single Cell Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction After Patch-clamp
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.5 (encoded by SCN5A), is critical for cardiomyocyte action potential initiation.
  • Understanding SCN5A gene expression mechanisms is crucial for cardiac function research.
  • Previous work identified GATA4 as a transcriptional regulator of SCN5A.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the NaV1.5 linker between domains I and II (LDI-DII) in SCN5A gene regulation.
  • To determine if LDI-DII possesses nuclear localization signals and affects SCN5A promoter activity.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a nuclear localization signal (residues 474-481) within the LDI-DII of NaV1.5.
  • Gene reporter assays using cardiac-like H9c2 cells to assess the effect of nuclear LDI-DII on the SCN5A promoter.
  • Speculative analysis linking NaV1.5 proteolysis to transcriptional regulation via nuclear localization of LDI-DII.

Main Results:

  • The LDI-DII of NaV1.5 contains a functional nuclear localization signal, enabling its translocation to the nucleus.
  • Nuclear-localized LDI-DII was observed to activate the SCN5A promoter in reporter gene assays.

Conclusions:

  • The LDI-DII region of NaV1.5 plays a role in regulating SCN5A gene expression.
  • Nuclear localization of LDI-DII and subsequent SCN5A promoter activation presents a novel feedback mechanism.
  • This finding suggests a potential link between NaV1.5 degradation by proteases (e.g., calpain) and transcriptional control of SCN5A.