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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Symmetry breaking in development and stochastic gene expression.

Jonathan R Chubb1

  • 1MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.

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Cells may make their own developmental decisions, challenging the traditional instructive signaling model. Stochastic gene expression might drive cell fate differences without external cues, suggesting a more complex developmental biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Decision-Making
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The dominant model in developmental biology posits that cells differentiate based on instructive external signals.
  • This instructive signaling hypothesis has been widely accepted due to its success in model organisms and conserved molecular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the resurgence of the concept of single-cell autonomous decision-making in development.
  • To investigate the potential role of stochastic gene expression in cell fate determination.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on cell decision-making.
  • Focus on theoretical frameworks involving stochastic gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that cells can make independent fate decisions, contrary to the prevailing instructive model.
  • Stochastic gene expression is highlighted as a potential mechanism for generating cell diversity in the absence of clear instructive signals.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell decision-making, potentially driven by gene expression noise, is likely a widespread phenomenon in development.
  • Further research is needed to validate how gene expression variability influences cell fate specification over developmental time.