Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

60.7K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.7K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.3K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.3K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

818
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
818
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

3.0K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
3.0K
Perception01:28

Perception

1.5K
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
1.5K
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

2.8K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human hippocampal ripples tune cortical responses based on predicted uncertainty.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Testing and tracking in the UK: A dynamic causal modelling study.

Wellcome open research·2026
Same author

The evolutionary and organizational bases of active affordance.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

The methodological foundations of lesion network mapping remain sound.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Protocol for investigating the warping of spatial experience across the blind spot to contrast predictions of the Integrated Information Theory and Predictive Processing accounts of consciousness.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Active Inference and Functional Parametrisation: Differential Flatness and Smooth Random Realisation.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Integrated multi-assessment and structural performance index framework for stacking-sequence optimisation of natural fibre reinforced laminates.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

SuperiorGAT: graph attention networks for sparse LiDAR point cloud reconstruction in autonomous systems.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

The effect of stretching the pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid, and iliopsoas muscles on 800 m swimming performance in master swimmers.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

ISNR-PQC: isometry noise resilience post quantum cryptography primitive.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Identification of high-yielding and stable genotypes of barley in the cold climate of Iran using AMMI and GGE biplot models.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Bayesian negative binomial modelling of spatial and temporal patterns of road traffic deaths in Ghana.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K

Distinct Top-down and Bottom-up Brain Connectivity During Visual Perception and Imagery.

N Dijkstra1, P Zeidman2, S Ondobaka2

  • 1Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. n.dijkstra@donders.ru.nl.

Scientific Reports
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual perception and imagination both use brain visual areas. This study found top-down processing, crucial for imagination, also aids perception, highlighting its role in both internal and external visual experiences.

More Related Videos

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

27.1K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K
Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

27.1K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Processing

Background:

  • Perception and imagination activate similar visual brain areas.
  • Mechanisms distinguishing perception from imagination are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate directed neural coupling (effective connectivity) between fronto-parietal and visual areas during visual perception and imagery.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms differentiating sensory perception from mental imagery.

Main Methods:

  • Examined effective connectivity using neuroimaging techniques.
  • Analyzed directed coupling between fronto-parietal and visual brain regions.
  • Correlated connectivity patterns with reported imagery vividness.

Main Results:

  • Perception showed increased bottom-up coupling; both perception and imagery showed increased top-down coupling.
  • Top-down coupling was significantly stronger during imagery than perception.
  • Modulation of frontal to early visual cortex coupling occurred in both perception and imagery.
  • Imagery vividness correlated with increased top-down connectivity to early visual cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down processing plays a critical role in both internally generated (imagery) and externally driven (perception) visual experiences.
  • Effective connectivity patterns differ between perception and imagination, particularly in top-down pathways.
  • The findings emphasize the significant contribution of top-down neural mechanisms to visual consciousness.