Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
Published on: August 17, 2018
The lower pT limit of deep hydrocarbon synthesis by CaCO3 aqueous reduction
E Mukhina1,2, A Kolesnikov3, V Kutcherov4,3
1KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden. mukhina.e@gubkin.ru.
Abstract:
The deep abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbons is possible under the conditions of the asthenosphere. We have found that this process can also occur under the mineral and thermobaric conditions of subducting slabs. We have investigated the abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbon systems at pressures of 2.0-6.6 GPa and temperatures of 250-600 °C. The determined lower thermobaric limit of the reaction at 280-300 °C and 2-3 GPa corresponds to a depth of 70-80 km during cold subduction. The hydrocarbon fluid formed in the slab can migrate upwards through the network of faults and fractures to form petroleum deposits.
Related Concept Videos
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction
Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

